Show less. About the Authors. Steven Herskovitz, The Saul R. She eventually became Dr. Yvonnie Cordray, MD right with a patient being trained by an occupational therapist in the use of his upper extremity prosthesis. Krusen expected his residents to use their time efficiently, be thorough in their work, rotate through physical therapy school, and observe therapists treating patients.
Cadaver dissection in conjunction with the Baylor College of Dentistry was also included in the training. Residents had the opportunity to instruct students in both the physical therapy and dental schools, particularly in the difficult subjects of anatomy and physiology.
Research and publication were required of residents. Three times a week, the indefatigable Dr. Krusen sat down and quizzed residents on what they had learned. Residents were also sent to either the University of California Los Angeles or Northwestern University for courses in prosthetics and orthotics. In , Dr. The meeting resulted in a 3-month resident exchange wherein Baylor residents rotated through the burn unit and different specialty clinics while Parkland residents rotated for clinical outpatient practice.
The Table lists the residents who graduated from the program. Some stories related to the residents are as follows:. In the s, for example, about half the residents did so. Soon after the development of the residency program, Dr.
Krusen secured a federal grant for a summer externship program in the department. Among the early participants was James W. Caldwell, who spent 3 summers with Dr. Krusen during medical school and joined the residency program after graduation in Caldwell later said that he would not have even known of the specialty had he not participated in the program.
Four residents joined Baylor's staff: Dr. Robert Bruce, Dr. Evangeline Cayton, Dr. Caldwell, and Dr. William L. Caldwell became associate director in , and Dr. A number of new programs were developed under the director of occupational therapy, Virginia Chandler, including acute physical disabilities therapy, a comprehensive hand program, adult and adolescent psychiatric programs for inpatients and outpatients , eating disorder programs, recreational therapy, and the Boomerang Club.
The Boomerang Club was the first stroke support group in Dallas. It provided both community information and a wide range of support activities to the families of stroke patients. Parker was the head of a multidisciplinary team including physical, occupational, and speech therapists, as well as nurses, social workers, dietitians, and psychologists. The therapists worked together to enable each patient to achieve a maximal level of independence through therapeutic exercise, training in activities of daily living, gait training which can include the progression from wheelchair to walker to simple cane mobility , and a speech program to attain effective and functional communication.
Parker also oversaw the serial casting and splinting programs to ensure that the splints were fabricated for proper positioning and to assist in functional movements. Other programs at Collins Hospital, such as reality orientation, therapy for sensory integration, therapy for perceptual deficits, expressive writing, woodworking, and return to home and work such as relearning typing skills were also emphasized.
In addition to this award for the entire department, Dr. On the national front, Dr. Krusen was involved in the specialty board as a member and an oral examiner. In addition, Dr. In , the first Vaughn Seminar was held on the Brunnstorm technique, which is a neuromuscular facilitation technique used by physical therapists to treat strokes. A year later, the H. Browning Seminar was established by Ms.
Hattie Browning's 2 sons and gifts from friends. The first conference on arthritis was widely attended. In , the first Carrell-Krusen Symposium was established, honoring the 2 physicians for their contribution to the care of patients with muscular dystrophy.
This annual event is cosponsored by the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas to discuss recent advances in basic and clinical research in the management and treatment of neuromuscular diseases.
The symposium also provides continuing medical education CME credits to physicians and allied health care providers. A new dimension in medicine began in the s. Physicians were also required to document CME credits. Krusen retired. His retirement sparked a round of well-attended accolades and well-deserved tributes held at the Faculty Club at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, as befitting a true pioneer in the discipline.
Krusen was succeeded by Dr. James W. During Dr. Caldwell's era, the department took a true multidisciplinary approach. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy staff met regularly with physiatrists, and the various disciplines developed programs using a team approach and a spirit of collaboration which continues through the present. Several inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation programs continued to be developed, including a mastectomy program, an expanded rehabilitation program for cancer patients and survivors, a postamputation prosthetic clinic, neonatal programs including those for brachial plexus injuries and developmental stimulation, and postpartum exercise programs.
Lasers began to be used for pain and wound healing, and total contact casting was used for neuropathic and vascular ulcers. The department began treating asthma and transplant patients. The disciplines of speech pathology and occupational therapy developed a dysphagia program, which officially began in according to Kathy Formichella, one of the founders of the program.
The dysphagia program continues through the present under the leadership of the speech-language pathology department. For example, in the Adult Visual-Perceptual Assessment compiled by Baylor's occupational therapy department to evaluate adult perceptual dysfunction became accepted as the worldwide standard.
The booklet is now sold across North America and is in its sixth printing. Because of the growing need for more rehabilitation beds, Baylor purchased the Swiss Avenue Hospital, a small, freestanding acute hospital, in , and named it Baylor Institute for Rehabilitation BIR. Over the next 5 years, it grew to 74 beds. It also became known as a regional center for catastrophic conditions such as spinal cord injuries and traumatic brain injuries.
The volume of referrals from the 5 neighboring states increased at such a rapid rate that Baylor purchased the bed Gaston Episcopal Hospital to meet the demand. During the s, 12 residents were trained and became board eligible. When Dr. The goal of the program was to spread the word that many traumatic head or spinal cord injuries are preventable. A documentary film, A Life of Their Own , was also released. The film helped to educate the public about the various services at BIR.
It captured the winning attitude of BIR staff and demonstrated the importance of family involvement in the rehabilitation process.
Throughout the film, patients, family members, and therapists were shown working together so the patient could achieve maximum independence. Another ground breaking program introduced in was pet therapy.
Parker was named physician of the year by Governor Mark White in Download PDF In addition, anti-inflammatory or other pain medications may be prescribed for pain control. But first step should be cooperation of medicine, pharmacy and sport science in order to In addition, there is a high risk of spine injuries in rotational and The exercise program should be tailored according to the patient's needs.
Thank you, my good friend Gregory E. Leblanc, L. Albert Chamfrault. A special thank you to Dr. I am very grateful for your generosity of time and your expert knowledge. Thank you, Jessica Kingsley and your excellent team at Singing Dragon, for all your work in publishing this book.
The luo collaterals are part of the channel system presented in the Han dynasty classics, the Su Wen and the Ling Shu. These collaterals play an important role in the clinical applications of acupuncture.
This book includes a journey along the path left by the ancient practitioners of Chinese medicine and Taoist healing. Understanding the origins of the channel system is essential in evaluating and applying modern interpretations and clinical applications. Our journey ranges from the Han dynasty to the twenty-first century; main changes about the luo collaterals are identified and evaluated.
This book includes a detailed history of the window of the sky points and a Taoist and Chinese medical understanding of emotions, the five shen and the Shen; this information is the basis for clinical practice. This book also includes a comprehensive presentation of the six healing sounds of qi gong and how they treat emotions, and the five shen. Understanding and applying all the channel systems in clinical practice is the insight of the ancient practitioners of Chinese medicine.
In my experience as a practitioner and clinical supervisor at Chinese medical schools, including all the channels in clinical practice significantly increases clinical efficacy. I hope this book assists you in applying the luo mai in clinical practice. Two thousand years ago the Chinese shifted from the belief that supernatural intervention was the cause of illness.
The shift led to the development of one of the oldest systems of holistic medicine. Chinese medicine is a deep and wide healing system that is rooted in the understanding that humanity is part of its environment. The ancient Chinese people deeply observed the influences of the stars, the planets and the seasons on humanity.
These people perceived the resonance between nature and humanity. They deeply studied astronomy and mapped out the celestial bodies; this was the cosmic map. They turned their focus inward and perceived the energy fields and the physical structures within the human body; this was the inner map.
The inner map is a magnificent, detailed and comprehensive guide to the structure and functioning of the human body. The inner map of the human body is the terrain for the interaction of substances within the body. The following passage is from the Su Wen,.
For example, in heavens there are changes in the positions of the sun, the moon with its waxing and waning, and the constellations. On the earth there are rivers, tributaries, and oceans. In human beings there are the channels and luo mai.
These influence each other. When the weather warms, the flow of waters in the rivers becomes calm and easy. When the weather is cold, the flow of water stagnates.
When the weather is excessively hot, however, the waters in the rivers become abundant, and flooding results. If the storms begin, further disasters occur. Similarly, an external pathogen invades the body. Cold causes the channels and collateral blood and qi to stagnate. Heat will cause blood to flow very freely and rapidly. Excessive heat will cause the channels and luo mai to swell. This Su Wen passage expresses how patterns and interactions in nature were perceived as mirrors of the interactions in the human body.
The early contributors of Chinese philosophy and medicine saw a deep parallel between nature and humanity. They described their insights in classic medical texts. Two common pathogenic factors presented in the classic medical texts are heat and cold.
These pathogenic factors are the main pathogens that influence the luo mai connecting collaterals. In the acupuncture channel system the luo mai are located at the superficial level of the body.
If pathogens in the luo mai are not effectively treated they can be transferred deeper into the channel system and to the internal organs. Additionally, pathogens in the luo mai can block and stagnate the flow of qi and blood in their collaterals and throughout the body.
Treating the luo mai is an essential aspect of Chinese medicine and a main treatment in the practice of acupuncture. The Ling Shu describes a few ways to distinguish the luo mai from the main channels. The luo mai are visible. The main channels are invisible. The pulse does not measure the condition of the luo mai. The pulse does measure conditions of the main channels. The luo mai flow through small articulations—they do not flow through the main joints.
The luo mai flow through alternate routes the main and divergent channel pathways flow through large articulations of entering and exiting in their channel system to eventually join in the skin. The luo mai are outlets for pathogens. The traditional treatment is bloodletting, which releases the pathogen with the blood from the body. It is interesting that the oldest book on Chinese medicine, the Mawangdui medical texts, has two main treatments: lancet bloodletting and moxibustion.
The luo mai may be part of the insight of the earliest practitioners of Chinese medicine. The structure, function and treatments for the luo mai have changed from the time of the Su Wen and the Ling Shu.
I will present Su Wen and Ling Shu theories and applications. During the Ming dynasty, and especially at the turn of the twentieth century when Chinese medicine went to Europe, new interpretations and clinical applications were presented. I will present a timeline of when these new applications were presented. The ideas that make up the basis of these new methods will be presented as well.
I hope that this presentation will spark a deeper study of them and provide the practitioner with more choices for clinical treatment. The theory and clinical applications of the luo mai can be split into two main groups. The second group includes non-classical theories and applications that were developed centuries after these classics. The most common practiced applications were introduced in more recent times.
These methods include using the source and luo points to treat the main channels and the internal organs. This method is called the host—guest treatment there are other versions of the host—guest method. Another method is using the luo points for treating psycho-emotional conditions. Dou Hanqing introduced a third method in ad. He presented the theory that four of the connecting points were the opening points also called confluent, command and master points of the eight extraordinary channels.
And that the four connecting points were used to treat the eight extraordinary channels. This led to new functions of the luo points. Albert Chamfrault and Dr.
Nguyen Van Nghi contributed to the development of modern applications of the luo collaterals and the luo points. Each of these applications will be evaluated in this book.
Pricking is a bloodletting method. The use of a lancet or other pricking device is part of the earliest Chinese medical practice. Pricking is a practice that can be a luo mai treatment or a bloodletting treatment, which is a Chinese medical treatment of its own. Pricking as part of a luo mai treatment, which pricks only the luo mai and the luo point, is the clinical application found in the Ling Shu. Having a clear understanding of the differences between the two is important.
Henry McCann How we differentiate the Shen from the five shen is explained on p. The chapter on emotions demonstrates how emotions are formed from a Chinese and Taoist medical perspective.
The chapter provides an essential link between the luo mai, luo points and points on the main channels for treating emotions, the five shen and the Shen. Healing Sounds Qi Gong is one of the oldest and most effective treatments for emotions, the internal organs and the five shen.
I have practiced this qi gong for 30 years, and have taught it at Chinese medical schools for 20 years. It is simple to learn, fun to practice and a very effective qi gong. The luo mai are an integral part of the acupuncture channel system; they can be used to access conditions in their collaterals.
In this case, the pathogens are in the luo mai. The luo mai can also be combined in treatments with other channels to release pathogenic factors in the body. The luo mai make up a powerful channel system for clinical practice and are an essential aspect in the practice of acupuncture.
The theories and clinical applications of the luo mai have changed through the history of Chinese medicine. This book will trace the path left by the early Su Wen and Ling Shu practitioners, which will provide a framework for clinical practice.
This framework includes a guide on how to use all the channel systems. Each channel system has specific functions. In my experience, being able to clinically apply all of the channels allows the practitioner to obtain the best clinical results. The Ling Shu and the Su Wen offer the original theories and clinical applications of the luo mai. These theories and applications will be presented first; other applications will follow. Studying the original theories and applications can provide practitioners with the flexibility to change the way they practice to meet changing conditions and environments.
Having a comprehensive understanding of the acupuncture channel system provides the foundation to create unique treatments for each person. This is the essence of holistic healing and Chinese medicine.
Chapter 1. The luo collaterals connect with the points and correspond to the days of the year. The insights of the early writers and practitioners of Chinese medicine include a deep understanding of the physical structures and the energetic processes within the human body. Their understanding includes the ways qi and blood flow inside the channel system. The channel system includes jing and mai. Jing are the main channels. Mai are vessels—which are branches or collaterals of the main channels.
The luo mai are the luo collaterals. The channels and collaterals are not only spaces where qi and blood flow, but are also areas where pathogens can lodge. As the body responds to pathogens, a set of unique signs and symptoms for each channel and collateral appears. The Su Wen and the Ling Shu present pathology created by imbalances in the luo mai, and list methods to treat them. Being able to identify a luo mai condition and direct a treatment at these collaterals is an important part of practicing acupuncture in a comprehensive and effective way.
The early Chinese medical practitioners discovered that the luo mai have two main functions: 1. The first function is to distribute qi and blood throughout the body. The second function is to hold pathogenic factors. The luo mai are outlets for pathogens in their own channels. Clinically, a main way to treat them is to prick to bleed to release pathogens. The luo mai can also be an outlet for other channels and their pathogens.
In this situation, pathogens are moved from their channel system and area of the. The luo mai are then treated to remove the pathogen from the body. The luo mai are then pricked to release the anger qi. As medical practitioners, we can work within the natural healing systems which includes the acupuncture channels of the body to safely and efficiently treat imbalances. This is the insight of the ancient practitioners of Chinese medicine.
It is a gift from this ancient culture. The luo mai are also presented in a variety of chapters in the Su Wen and the Ling Shu. The Ling Shu is the definitive book on acupuncture. We will see how Su Wen passages are used to create theories and applications that differ from the Ling Shu.
Important chapters in the Su Wen and the Ling Shu that provide essential information on the function and application of the luo collaterals will be introduced throughout this book. The Ling Shu is very clear in its presentation. There are chapters in the Su Wen that are the basis for new theories and clinical applications of the luo mai.
Chapter 63 is discussed in Chapter 9 of this book. The reader should critically evaluate the interpretations, theories and clinical applications that have been created based on this chapter. These meanings are an issue for our profession. Different translations interpretations can be used for different applications. The luo mai are connecting collaterals. They are branches off the main channels jing and they help connect the small branches throughout the body.
The luo mai are part of the integrated acupuncture channel system. The luo mai consist of the following layers: 1. Bie luo. These are the large luo mai. Bie luo are collaterals that divert or branch off the main channel.
They begin at the luo point. Fu luo. They are the floating or superficial luo; they are the blood vessels that are visible. Sun luo. These are the grandchild or descendant luo. They are minute collaterals small sub-branches and are a couple of generations down from the bie luo. There are a few Su Wen chapters referenced as well. They must move by alternate routes to exit and enter; then they join again in the center of the skin.
Their assemblies all can be seen from the outside. The 12 major channels lie hidden while traveling between the divisions of the flesh. They are deep and invisible, except for the Leg Major Yin, which passes through the upper part of the lateral anklebone and may be frequently seen because it has no place to hide.
When they suffer from a solid disease they become visible. When they suffer from a hollow disease, they sink. Hot When the middle of the stomach is hot, the channels along the border of the fish the thenar eminence will be red.
Cold and hot When the luo mai are red, black and green, it means both cold and hot qi. Luo mai colors from the Ling Shu When the collaterals are blue or green, it indicates cold and also pain. If there is an abrupt blackening of the luo collaterals, it is a sign of prolonged and chronic rheumatism.
A green-blue color located on the thenar eminence fish on the hand is cold in the middle of the stomach. A red color located on the border of the thenar eminence fish on the hand is heat in the middle of the stomach.
This information is used to make a diagnosis of the luo mai. The luo collaterals are more superficial than the main channels. The luo collaterals have colors that change: they can be green, red, yellow, white or black. The colors of the main channels do not change, but the colors of the collaterals are variable. The channels of the heart are red, the lung white, the liver green, the spleen yellow and the kidney black; each of the five organs has its individual correspondence to the five phases.
The color of the Yin collaterals always corresponds to their five phases. The color of the Yang collaterals changes according to the seasons, for example, during the winter and autumn the cool temperature slows the flow of the blood and qi. The summer and spring are warmer and the heat causes a quicker flow of the blood and qi.
It is common to see yellow and red colors in the luo collaterals. These seasonal color changes are normal. If all five colors show in the collaterals it indicates extreme cold or extreme heat; when this change is acute it is considered pathological. The luo mai have no pulse The main channels are measured with the pulse. The luo mai are not measured with the pulse. The following from the Ling Shu states that the main channels are measured with the pulse.
If the main channels are hollow or solid, one must use the Inch Mouth Renying Cukou pulse, located at Stomach 9 and Lung 9 to know. Some of the main parts of this chapter are now presented. Luo mai transferring pathogens All diseases begin at the skin level. When a pathogen invades the skin, it forces the pores to open and it penetrates and lodges in the luo mai.
If the pathogen is retained in the luo mai, it will transfer to the main channels. If the pathogen is not treated and removed from the main channels, it will then enter the fu Yang organs. One can determine where the disease is by observing the skin, the corresponding dermatomes and the luo mai. If one can see changes in the luo mai and does not treat them, the pathogen has the opportunity to flow to the internal organs and cause a major disease.
Before a pathogen enters the main channels it can be seen in the luo mai. The luo collaterals are considered Yang and they are located at the surface of the body. The main channels are considered Yin because they run relatively deep. The chapter goes on to state that pathogens in each of the luo mai can be transmitted to the main channel or to the organs.
If the pathogen is excess, it will go to the main channels if there is no proper treatment. If the pathogen is Yang, it will be transmitted directly to the main channels. If the pathogen is Yin, it will transfer to the channels and then the organs. The chapter clearly expresses the view that the luo mai hold pathogens and describes how, if they are not treated, they can transfer deeper to the main channels and the areas where they flow and to the internal organs.
The Su Wen and Ling Shu chapters referenced describe essential aspects of the luo mai. It is vital to view the luo mai as a clinically important part of the acupuncture channel system. Understanding the role of each of the channel systems brings clarity to their functions and their clinical applications. Chapter 2. The luo mai have specific pathways that are clearly described in the Ling Shu.
There is a luo point for each of the 12 main channels, the Ren and Du channels, and the spleen has an additional luo mai and luo point. It is commonly stated that there are 15 luo points.
Preview 4 out of pages Add to cart. Exam elaborations 0. Show more info. Sell your knowledge on Stuvia Hundred thousands of people are searching for your content every day.
0コメント